Arteries
The arteries supplying the submandibular regions are:
Facial artery: By passing deep to digastric and stylohyoid muscles the facial artery enters the submandibular region, to make it to the deep aspect of the angle of the mandible, it turns forwards above these muscles. Now it first hooks round the posterosuperior aspect of the submandibular gland, descends between the lateral surface of the gland and medial pterygoid muscle, then hooks round the lower border of the mandible to reach the face. Before hooking round the lower border of the mandible it supplies rise to submental branch.
Lingual artery: The lingual artery runs forwards deep to the hyoglossus above the hyoid bone and gives rise to 2 dorsalis lingual arteries, after creating a U-shaped loop above the tip of greater cornu of hyoid bone, which supply posterior one-third of the tongue and tonsil.
Then it ascends along the anterior border of hyoglossus and is located on the genioglossus. Here it gives rise to sublingual artery, which supplies the sublingual salivary gland
Before entering deep to the hyoglossus, it produces suprahyoid artery, which runs along the superior border of the hyoid bone, lateral to the hyoglossus.
Veins
The veins existing in the submandibular region are as follows:
Vena comitantes nervi hypoglossi: Both of these veins run along the hypoglossal nerve.
Vena comitantes: Both of these veins accompany the lingual artery and run deep to the hyoglossus muscle.
All of the above 4 veins join to create the lingual vein, which empties into the common facial or internal jugular vein.
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